{"id":69012,"date":"2022-02-21T12:52:12","date_gmt":"2022-02-21T04:52:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/tomhais-ionsuite-an-bealach-tapa-chun-tiuchan-samplach-a-chinneadh-2\/"},"modified":"2022-02-21T12:53:03","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T04:53:03","slug":"tomhais-ionsuite-an-bealach-tapa-chun-tiuchan-samplach-a-chinneadh-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/tomhais-ionsuite-an-bealach-tapa-chun-tiuchan-samplach-a-chinneadh-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Tomhais Ions\u00faite \u2013 an Bealach Tapa chun Ti\u00fachan Samplach a Chinneadh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Laistigh d’fheidhmchl\u00e1ir mh\u00f3il\u00edneacha agus bhithcheimiceacha, chomh maith le diagn\u00f3isic leighis, is c\u00e9im r\u00edth\u00e1bhachtach anail\u00edse \u00e9 ti\u00fachan na substaint\u00ed i dtuaslag\u00e1n a chinneadh. Go minic, \u00fas\u00e1idtear modhanna f\u00f3taim\u00e9adracha chun na cr\u00edche seo, toisc gur f\u00e9idir iad seo a dh\u00e9anamh go h\u00e9asca agus go tapa, agus toisc go minic gurb ionann iad agus an rogha is \u00e9ifeachta\u00ed \u00f3 thaobh costais.<\/p>\n\n

Go ginear\u00e1lta, t\u00e1 modhanna f\u00f3taim\u00e9adracha (speictream) bunaithe ar an bprionsabal go n-ions\u00fann m\u00f3il\u00edn\u00ed i dtuaslag\u00e1n solas, agus go nd\u00e9antar an solas lagaithe d\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin a thomhas le cabhair \u00f3 bhrathad\u00f3ir. Mar at\u00e1 intuigthe san ainm, \u00fas\u00e1ideann speictreaf\u00f3taim\u00e9adair UV\/Vis solas infheicthe agus ultraivialait sa raon tonnfhaid idir timpeall 200 agus 900 nm.<\/p>\n\n

Chun ti\u00fachan anail\u00edte a chinneadh, is minic a \u00fas\u00e1idtear an tonnfhad ag a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn an m\u00f3il\u00edn an t-ions\u00facht is airde (buaictonnfhad). I gc\u00e1s aig\u00e9id n\u00faicl\u00e9acha agus pr\u00f3it\u00e9in\u00ed, mar shampla, bheadh s\u00e9 seo 260 nm agus 280 nm, faoi seach. Is iad dl\u00edthe na fisice a nd\u00e9anann dl\u00ed Lambert-Beer cur s\u00edos orthu mar bhun\u00fas le ti\u00fachan substainte a r\u00edomh \u00f3 thomhais fh\u00f3tim\u00e9adracha. Tarla\u00edonn s\u00e9 seo de r\u00e9ir ch\u00e9imeanna na bhfoirml\u00ed at\u00e1 liostaithe th\u00edos:<\/p>\n\n

  1. Tarchur n\u00f3 tarchur (T) = I\/I 0<\/sub>D\u00e9antar tarchur a chinneadh i bhf\u00f3taim\u00e9adar, ag baint \u00fas\u00e1ide as an gc\u00f3imheas idir an solas a th\u00e9ann amach agus an solas a th\u00e9ann isteach sa sampla.<\/li>
  2. Ions\u00faite (A) = loga (I 0<\/sub> \/I)R\u00edomhtar ions\u00fa \u00f3 logartaim dhi\u00faltach dhi\u00faltach an tarchuir.<\/li>
  3. Ions\u00faite (A) = C x L x \u0190 => Ti\u00fachan (C) = A\/(L x \u0190)D\u00e9anann dl\u00ed Lambert-Beer cur s\u00edos ar sple\u00e1chas an ions\u00fach\u00e1in ar thi\u00fachan an tsampla (C), ar fhad an chos\u00e1in opt\u00fail (L) chomh maith leis an sple\u00e1chas ar chomh\u00e9ifeacht d\u00edothaithe a bhaineann go sonrach le sampla (\u0190), a bhaineann le substaint ar leith. ag tonnfhad ar leith. R\u00edomhtar ti\u00fachan an tsampla ansin tr\u00edd an bhfoirmle a thiont\u00fa.<\/li><\/ol>\n

    T\u00e1 cur s\u00edos n\u00edos mine ar na tr\u00ed r\u00e1iteas seo th\u00edos.Tarchur a chinneadh ( T = I\/I 0<\/sub> )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

    F\u00edor 1: C\u00f3ime\u00e1il simplithe de fh\u00f3taim\u00e9adar a thaispe\u00e1nann an sampla agus na paraim\u00e9adair at\u00e1 \u00e1bhartha do dhl\u00ed Lambert-Beer<\/p>\n\n

    I 0<\/sub> : Solas ag dul isteach sa samplaI: Solas ag imeacht \u00f3n samplaC: Ti\u00fachan an tsamplaL: Cos\u00e1n solais\/ti\u00fas an tsampla\u0190: Comh\u00e9ifeacht d\u00edothaithe<\/em><\/p>\n\n

    Go bun\u00fasach, is \u00e9ard at\u00e1 i bhf\u00f3taim\u00e9adar n\u00e1 foinse solais, su\u00edomh ina gcoime\u00e1dtar an sampla, agus brathad\u00f3ir (figi\u00far 1). Tomhaiseann an brathad\u00f3ir d\u00e9ine an tsolais a thaisteala\u00edonn tr\u00edd an sampla. Ar nd\u00f3igh, t\u00e1 roinnt comhph\u00e1irteanna eile i l\u00e1thair; go sonrach, eilimint\u00ed opt\u00fala a athraonann an solas agus a scarann ina thonnfhaid aonair chomh maith le heilimint\u00ed a fhrithchaiteann n\u00f3 a tharchuireann an solas.<\/p>\n\n

    Asta\u00edonn foinse solais fh\u00f3taim\u00e9adar solas ag d\u00e9ine sainithe I 0<\/sub> , a threora\u00edtear tr\u00edd an r\u00e9iteach samplach. Glacfaidh an sampla cuid den solas. Cl\u00e1ra\u00edonn an brathad\u00f3ir an chuid a thrasna\u00edonn an sampla mar dh\u00e9ine I. D\u00e9anann an c\u00f3imheas I\/I 0<\/sub> cur s\u00edos ar tharchur an tsampla ag tonnfhad sainithe.<\/p>\n\n

    ions\u00fach\u00e1n a r\u00edomh (A = log (I 0<\/sub> \/I)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    D\u00e9anann f\u00f3taim\u00e9adair nua-aimseartha tarchur sampla a thiont\u00fa go huathoibr\u00edoch isteach i ions\u00fach\u00e1n, a shainmh\u00edn\u00edtear mar logarithm di\u00faltach deicheach an tarchuir. \u00c9ir\u00edonn an cheist c\u00e9n f\u00e1th nach n-\u00fas\u00e1idtear tarchur go d\u00edreach chun ti\u00fachan an tsampla a r\u00edomh. Soil\u00e9ir\u00edonn F\u00edor 2 an nasc idir tarchur agus ions\u00faiteacht. M\u00e1 t\u00e1 roinnt sampla\u00ed, a ligeann do gach ceann d\u00edobh 50 % den solas a th\u00e9ann isteach sa sampla trasn\u00fa, nasctha i sraith, beidh an cuar tarchuir at\u00e1 ag laghd\u00fa go heasp\u00f3nant\u00fail, a l\u00e9ir\u00edtear th\u00edos, mar thoradh. M\u00e1 chuirtear na luachanna in i\u00fal ar bhealach logartamach ina ionad sin, beidh sple\u00e1chas l\u00edneach mar thoradh air. Ar an mbealach seo, t\u00e1 absorbance comhr\u00e9ireach le ti\u00fachan (chomh maith le fad cos\u00e1in), rud a shimpl\u00edonn r\u00edomhanna go m\u00f3r.<\/p>\n\n

    F\u00edor 2: An nasc idir tarchur agus ions\u00fa solais:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

    a) Sampla\u00ed a nascadh i sraith, agus ceada\u00edonn gach ceann d\u00edobh tarchur 50 % den solas a th\u00e9ann isteach sa sampla. Baineann an c\u00e9atad\u00e1n leis an d\u00e9ine solais tosaigh.<\/p>\n\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

    b) Cuar tarchurtha ag laghd\u00fa go heasp\u00f3nant\u00fail<\/p>\n\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

    c) L\u00e9iri\u00fa grafach ar an ions\u00fach\u00e1n (ag \u00fas\u00e1id logarithm deicheach an tarchuir)<\/p>\n\n

    Ti\u00fachan a r\u00edomh (C = A\/(L x \u0190))<\/u><\/strong>Chun ti\u00fachan an tsampla a dh\u00edorth\u00fa \u00f3na ions\u00fach\u00e1n, t\u00e1 g\u00e1 le faisn\u00e9is bhreise. D\u00e9antar cur s\u00edos i ndl\u00ed Lambert-Beer, at\u00e1 mar bhun\u00fas fisiceach le haghaidh feidhmeanna f\u00f3taim\u00e9adracha, go bhfuil ions\u00fa solais ag sampla comhr\u00e9ireach go d\u00edreach lena thi\u00fachan agus a fhad cos\u00e1in. San ioml\u00e1n, cuireann tr\u00ed pharaim\u00e9adar le luach ions\u00fach\u00e1in sampla: ar dt\u00fas, ti\u00fachan (C) an mh\u00f3il\u00edn; sa dara h\u00e1it, fad cos\u00e1in (L) an tsampla, at\u00e1 comhionann go ginear\u00e1lta le fad cos\u00e1n an cuvette. Ansin t\u00e1 an chomh\u00e9ifeacht d\u00edothaithe (\u0190). Is tairiseach fisiceach uath\u00fail don mh\u00f3il\u00edn \u00ed an chomh\u00e9ifeacht d\u00edothaithe; cuireann s\u00e9 s\u00edos ar a chuid maoine ions\u00fa solais ag tonnfhad ar leith. T\u00e1 an tairiseach \u00e1bhar-shonrach seo ar eolas mar gheall ar roinnt substaint\u00ed, lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear aig\u00e9id n\u00faicl\u00e9acha agus pr\u00f3it\u00e9in\u00ed \u00e9ags\u00fala, agus t\u00e1 na luachanna foilsithe sa litr\u00edocht \u00e1bhartha. Sna c\u00e1sanna seo, is f\u00e9idir ti\u00fachan a chinneadh l\u00e1ithreach. Mura bhfuil an luach ar eolas, \u00e1fach, is f\u00e9idir cabhair a fh\u00e1il \u00f3 chuar calabr\u00fach\u00e1in. Chun cuar calabraithe a ghini\u00faint, t\u00e1 g\u00e1 le caighde\u00e1in, ie tuaslag\u00e1in ina bhfuil ti\u00fachain aithnidi\u00fala de na substaint\u00ed a bhfuil anail\u00eds le d\u00e9anamh orthu. D\u00e9antar iad seo a thomhas sa fh\u00f3taim\u00e9adar roimh an sampla iarbh\u00edr. R\u00edomhtar ti\u00fachan an anail\u00edte ansin leis an gcuar caighde\u00e1nach.<\/p>\n\n

    De bhreis ar chainn\u00edocht\u00fa, f\u00e9adfaidh tomhais ions\u00fach\u00e1in faisn\u00e9is ch\u00e1il\u00edocht\u00fail faoin sampla a nochtadh freisin: mar shampla, f\u00e9adfar \u00edonacht aig\u00e9id n\u00faicl\u00e9asaigh agus pr\u00f3it\u00e9in\u00ed a chinneadh tr\u00edd an sampla a chur faoi r\u00e9ir tomhais ag tonnfhaid bhreise, ach is gn\u00e1ch go bhfaightear faisn\u00e9is ar ghn\u00edomha\u00edocht eins\u00edme tr\u00ed thomhais ar\u00eds agus ar\u00eds eile. am.<\/p>\n\n

    Foinse<\/a><\/p>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Laistigh d’fheidhmchl\u00e1ir mh\u00f3il\u00edneacha agus bhithcheimiceacha, chomh maith le diagn\u00f3isic leighis, is c\u00e9im r\u00edth\u00e1bhachtach anail\u00edse \u00e9 ti\u00fachan na substaint\u00ed i dtuaslag\u00e1n a chinneadh. Go minic, \u00fas\u00e1idtear modhanna f\u00f3taim\u00e9adracha chun na cr\u00edche seo, toisc gur f\u00e9idir iad seo a dh\u00e9anamh go h\u00e9asca agus go tapa, agus toisc go minic gurb ionann iad agus an rogha is \u00e9ifeachta\u00ed<\/p>\n

    Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","ub_ctt_via":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[830,829],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gach-post","category-speictreafotaimeadracht"],"featured_image_src":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"bacola-woo-product":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false,"variation_swatches_image_size":false,"variation_swatches_tooltip_size":false,"dgwt-wcas-product-suggestion":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Laistigh d’fheidhmchl\u00e1ir mh\u00f3il\u00edneacha agus bhithcheimiceacha, chomh maith le diagn\u00f3isic leighis, is c\u00e9im r\u00edth\u00e1bhachtach anail\u00edse \u00e9 ti\u00fachan na substaint\u00ed i dtuaslag\u00e1n a chinneadh. Go minic, \u00fas\u00e1idtear modhanna f\u00f3taim\u00e9adracha chun na cr\u00edche seo, toisc gur f\u00e9idir iad seo a dh\u00e9anamh go h\u00e9asca agus go tapa, agus toisc go minic gurb ionann iad agus an rogha is \u00e9ifeachta\u00edRead…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69012"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69015,"href":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69012\/revisions\/69015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}