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\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2) \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 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class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> : \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (185 &#8211; 400 nm) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae (400 &#8211; 700 nm) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li><li><strong>\u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> : \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae (700 &#8211; 15000 nm) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7 (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb. \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1), \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac \u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 (~700 nm), \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae. \u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf: Spectronic 20D).<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"\/\/i0.wp.com\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-1.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"939\" height=\"316\" src=\"\/\/i0.wp.com\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67992\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-1.png 939w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-1-90x30.png 90w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-1-600x202.png 600w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-1-64x22.png 64w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-1-300x101.png 300w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-1-768x258.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 939px) 100vw, 939px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 1: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (CC BY-4.0; Heesung Shim \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 LibreTexts)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2. \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf<\/strong> : \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 (\u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2) \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 (\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae) \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1.<\/li><li><strong>\u03a6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf<\/strong> : \u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1.<\/li><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"\/\/i0.wp.com\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"349\" height=\"261\" src=\"\/\/i0.wp.com\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68006\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-2.png 349w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-2-72x54.png 72w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-2-64x48.png 64w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-2-300x224.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 349px) 100vw, 349px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 2: \u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c1-\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 (\u03cc\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae) \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 320 nm \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0-\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae (\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae) \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 400 nm, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 3.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"\/\/i0.wp.com\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-3.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"775\" height=\"339\" src=\"\/\/i0.wp.com\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68020\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-3.png 775w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-3-90x39.png 90w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-3-600x262.png 600w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-3-64x28.png 64w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-3-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-3-768x336.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 3: \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf. <strong>\u0399\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u0394\u0395\u039d \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 4 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"\/\/i0.wp.com\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"361\" src=\"\/\/i0.wp.com\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68034\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-4.png 811w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-4-90x40.png 90w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-4-600x267.png 600w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-4-64x28.png 64w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-4-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-4-768x342.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 4: \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (CC BY-4.0; Heesung Shim \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 LibreTexts)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1 (\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 5), \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u039c\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (T). \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 (T) = \\dfrac{I_t}{I_o} \\)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 I <sub>t<\/sub> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 I <sub>o<\/sub> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (A) = &#8211; log(T) = &#8211; log(\\dfrac{I_t}{I_o} )\\)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf Beer-Lambert. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \\(l\\) \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf Beer-Lambert \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"\/\/i0.wp.com\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"487\" height=\"255\" src=\"\/\/i0.wp.com\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68048\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-5.png 487w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-5-90x47.png 90w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-5-64x34.png 64w, https:\/\/qvarz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/spectrometry-5-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 487px) 100vw, 487px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 5: \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 (CC BY-4.0; Heesung Shim \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 LibreTexts)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 Beer-Lambert<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f <a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps\/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)\/Spectroscopy\/Electronic_Spectroscopy\/Electronic_Spectroscopy_Basics\/The_Beer-Lambert_Law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 Beer-Lambert<\/a> (\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2) \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Beer \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af <em>\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/em> \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(\u0391 = \\\u03ad\u03c8\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd{lc} \\)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u03a4\u03bf \\(A\\) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2),<\/li><li>\u03a4\u03bf \\(\\epsilon\\) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03ae \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2),<\/li><li>\\(l\\) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9<\/li><li>\\(c\\) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf. \u0395\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \\(\\epsilon\\) \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \\(\\epsilon\\) \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2: L\u00b7mol <sup>-1<\/sup> \u00b7cm <sup>-1<\/sup> . \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac. \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 1 cm, \u03c4\u03bf \\(l\\) \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03af\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 1 cm. \u0395\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \\(\\epsilon\\) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \\(c\\) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Biological_Chemistry\/Supplemental_Modules_(Biological_Chemistry)\/Nucleic_Acids\/Nucleic_Acids\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0397 \u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/a> \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 275 nm. \\(\\\u03ad\u03c8\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf_{275} = 8400 M^{-1} cm^{-1} \\) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 1 cm. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \\(A_{275} = 0,70\\). \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\[A lc     \/&gt;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">0,70 = (8400 M <sup>-1<\/sup> cm <sup>-1<\/sup> )(1 cm)(\\(c\\))<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf [(8400 M <sup>-1<\/sup> cm <sup>-1<\/sup> )(1 cm)]<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(c\\) = 8,33&#215;10 <sup>-5<\/sup> mol\/L<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 (4 g\/\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf). \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 2 cm \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf 50% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf Beer-Lambert, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9,<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(- \\log \\left(\\dfrac{I_t}{I_o} \\right) = &#8211; \\log(\\dfrac{0.5}{1.0}) = A ={8} \\\u03ad\u03c8\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\\)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(\\epsilon\\) = 0,0376<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9, \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 8 g\/\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0395\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \\(\\epsilon\\), \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf Beer-Lambert. \u0395\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9,<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(\\log(1) &#8211; \\log(I_t) = 0 &#8211; \\log(I_t)\\) = 0,0376 x 8 x 2 = 0,6016<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(\\log(I_t)\\) = -0,6016<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \\(I_t\\) = 0,2503 = 25%<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9, \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 100;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9,<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(\\epsilon\\) = 0,0376 x 100 = 3,76 L\u00b7mol <sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sup>1<\/sup> \u00b7cm <sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5-\u03b9\u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 0,20 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 450 nm. \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 40 % \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 2 cm;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf Beer-Lambert. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5,<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\[- \\log(I_t) = &#8211; \\log(0,4) = 0,20 \\ \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 c \\ \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 2\\]<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \\(c\\) = 0,9948<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Atkins, Peter \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Julio de Paula. \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2. \u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u03a5\u03cc\u03c1\u03ba\u03b7: Oxford University Press, 2006.<\/li><li>\u03a4\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba, \u03a1\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4. \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397\u03a0\u0391: University Science Books, 2005.<\/li><li>\u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1, \u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03ba\u03bb. \u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 &amp; \u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u03a5\u03cc\u03c1\u03ba\u03b7: Oxford University Press, 2000.<\/li><li>Price, Nicholas and Dwek, Raymond and Wormald, Mark. \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. RG Ratcliffe. \u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u03a5\u03cc\u03c1\u03ba\u03b7: Oxford University Press, 1997.<\/li><li>Irwin H. Segel, Biochemical Calculations (How to Solve Mathematical Problems in General Biochemistry), 2nd edition, John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1975<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nist.gov\/pml\/div685\/grp03\/spectrophotometry.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.nist.gov\/pml\/div685\/grp03\/spectrophotometry.cfm<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kevin Vo (UCD)<\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/@go\/page\/1431\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0397 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1<\/p>\n<div class=\"klb-readmore entry-button\"><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/qvarz.com\/el\/%cf%86%ce%b1%cf%83%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%86%cf%89%cf%84%ce%bf%ce%bc%ce%b5%cf%84%cf%81%ce%af%ce%b1\/\">Read 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\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae 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